Learn How to Use the Passive Voice in English | คำอธิบายโครงสร้างประโยคกรรมวาจก(ประธานถูกกระทำ)
Learn How to Use the Passive Voice in English | คำอธิบายโครงสร้างประโยคกรรมวาจก(ประธานถูกกระทำ)
Do you know what the passive voice is, how to form the passive, and when you should use the passive in English? In this lesson, you can learn about the passive voice in English. You can see what it is, how to form it, and how to use it.What you can learn in this lesson:
- How to form the passive voice.
- How to form different tenses in the passive.
- How to use the passive to change the emphasis of a sentence.
- How to use the passive when the subject of a verb is unknown or unimportant.
- How to use the passive to sound more impersonal and indirect.
- When not to use the passive.
หัวข้อนี้ผมได้นำคลิปครูฝรั่งสอนอธิบายเข้าใจง่ายและกระชับ มีวิธีการนำเสนอประกอบที่ทำให้ผู้เรียนสามารถเข้าใจเรื่องที่ยากให้เป็นเรื่องง่ายได้สบายๆ หัวข้ออธิบายเกี่ยวกับโครงสร้างประโยคที่ประธานเป็นผู้ถูกกระทำ หรือ ประโยคที่ต้องการเน้นกรรม Passive Voice ซึ่งหลายคนเคยได้อ่านหรือเรียนผ่านมาบ้างแล้ว
วัตถุประสงค์หลักของผมคือ
- ให้นักศึกษามีทักษะการฟังภาษาอังกฤษ วิธีการพูด การเชื่อมระหว่างประโยค การรวบคำ รวมถึงการออกเสียงของแต่ละคำศัพท์ ที่มีการเน้นที่ไม่เหมือนกัน
- เมื่อดูคลิปนี้จบแล้ว นักศึกษาจะได้ประโยคภาษาอังกฤษต่างๆ ที่สามารถนำไปใช้พูดจริงในชีวิตประจำวัน หรือ ในการสื่อสาร
- นักศึกษาจะได้สาระความรู้เกี่ยวกับการใช้ภาษาอังกฤษที่ถูกต้องจากคำอธิบายของเจ้าของภาษาโดยตรง
- เพื่อให้นักศึกษาสามารถเข้าถึงภาษาอังกฤษได้เร็วขึ้น จากการเรียนภาษาอังกฤษโดยครูที่เป็นเจ้าของภาษา
เช่นเคยครับ หากมีประโยค สำนวนไหนที่ยาก ผมจะเขียนอธิบายให้ไว้ตอนท้ายนะครับ
คำบรรยายประกอบจากคลิป
Welcome to Oxford Online English. In this lesson, you can learn about the passive voice in English.
You can see what it is, how to form it, and how to use it.
What is the passive voice?
Look at these sentences:
"This dish is made with eggs and cheese."
"The car was badly damaged in the accident."
"Their house looks like it hasn’t been cleaned for months."
All of these examples use the passive voice.
Can you see how and why?
Let’s start with the basics: Part one: how you can form the passive voice.
Look at our three example sentences:
"This dish is made with eggs and cheese."
"The car was badly damaged in the accident."
"Their house looks like it hasn’t been cleaned for months."
They look quite different, but they all contain the passive.
What do the three sentences have in common?
All three sentences contain the verb 'be' and a past participle (also known as the 3rd form).
This is how to make the passive: 'be' plus past participle.
Let’s look at some different examples:
"Football is played all over the world."
"This project will be finished by Friday."
"The letters were sent to all customers last week."
You can see the same pattern: all passive sentences contain the verb 'be' and a past participle.
So why do the sentences look so different?
Part two: how to use the passive voice in different tenses.
What do you do if you want to make a passive sentence past, or future, or present perfect?
What changes?
Look at our last three examples again:
"Football is played all over the world."
"This project will be finished by Friday."
"The letters were sent to all customers last week."
Remember that the passive is made of two parts: 'be' plus a past participle.
Which part changes, and which part stays the same?
The answer: you can change the verb 'be' to use different tenses and times.
The past participle never changes.
Whether you’re talking about the past, the present, or the future, the past participle stays the same.
Let’s look:
Past: "The letters were sent to all customers last week."
Present: "The letters are sent to all customers every week."
Present perfect: "The letters have been sent to all customers this week."
Future ‘will’: "The letters will be sent to customers next week."
There are also passive infinitives with 'to': "The letters need to be sent to all customers."
There are passive –ing forms: "Many customers like being sent regular newsletters."
The passive has many forms, but in every form you can see the same pattern: 'be' plus a past participle, and the verb 'be' changes to give the form.
The past participle never changes, in any form of the passive!
OK, now you know the most important points about how the passive is formed, but why do we use the passive?
How do you know when to use it?
Let’s look!
Part three: using the passive to change emphasis.
Look at two sentences:
"Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa."
"The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci."
The first sentence is active, and the second is passive.
What difference does using the passive make here?
If you’re not sure, think about this question: which is the most important idea in each sentence?
In the first sentence: "Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa."
We’re more interested in Leonardo da Vinci.
In the second sentence: "The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci."
We’re more interested in the Mona Lisa.
In English, putting an idea at the beginning of a sentence shows that it is more important.
We can use the passive to change the emphasis of a sentence, and show what you think is the most important idea.
Let’s do one more example:
"People all over the world play basketball."
"Basketball is played by people all over the world."
In the first sentence (active), we’re talking about people, and what they do.
In the second sentence (passive), we’re saying something about basketball.
Again, using the passive changes the emphasis of the sentence.
However, this is not the only reason you might use the passive.
Part four: using the passive when the subject is unknown or unimportant.
Look at some examples: "My bike was stolen."
"The kitchen has been cleaned today."
"She was arrested for shoplifting."
Why do you think we use the passive in these three cases?
In all of these examples, we either don’t know or don’t care who did the action.
My bike was stolen—by whom?
I don’t know, and it doesn’t really matter.
What matters is the fact that it was stolen.
The kitchen has been cleaned today—by whom?
It doesn’t matter.
We only care about the fact that it happened, and that now the kitchen is clean.
She was arrested—by whom?
By the police, of course!
We don’t care exactly who arrested her.
We know that the police arrested her, and in any case we’re only interested in the fact that she was arrested.
In all of these cases, we only care about the action itself.
We don’t know or care who did it.
This is another common reason to use the passive.
There’s one more common reason to use the passive:
Part five: using the passive to sound impersonal.
What’s the difference between these two examples?
"You need to do this by the end of the week."
"This needs to be done by the end of the week."
If someone (for example, your boss), says this to you, the basic meaning is the same.
So how are the sentences different?
The second sentence, with the passive, is more indirect and more impersonal.
This is because it avoids the use of 'You need to…' in the first sentence.
Using the passive in this way can help you to sound more formal and polite.
Saying:
"You need to do this by the end of the week." Is very direct.
It sounds like an order, which could be rude in some situations.
Let’s look at another example:
"You need to find a solution to this quickly."
"A solution needs to be found quickly."
Again, the active sentence is more direct, while the passive sentence is more impersonal and indirect, because it avoids the use of 'you'.
Like the previous example, this sounds more formal, and possibly more polite.
OK, so now you know how to form the passive, and the most common ways to use it, but there’s one more important point.
Part six: when not to use the passive.
Many problems English learners have with the passive happen because they overuse the passive.
Here’s the important point:
Don’t use the passive if you don’t have a good reason to.
So if you're using the passive, especially when you’re writing, think about why you’re using it.
Do you need to use it to change the emphasis of your sentence?
Do you need to sound more formal and impersonal?
Do you want to focus on the action, instead of whoever did the action?
If not, don’t use the passive.
Using the passive makes your sentences longer and more complicated.
This isn’t good unless it’s necessary.
Part seven: review.
Let’s review what you’ve learned in this lesson.
Form the passive with the verb 'be' and a past participle.
Change the verb 'be' to give different tenses, but you can never change the past participle.
Use the passive to change the emphasis of a sentence, if you want to focus on an action itself, instead of who did the action, or if you want to sound more impersonal and indirect.
Don’t use the passive unless you have a reason to do so.
Now, you should understand how to form and use the passive in English.
That’s the end of the lesson.
I hope it was interesting for you!
Thanks for watching.
See you next time!
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